| Question & Options | Correct Answer |
| Which type of survey research involves structured, face-to-face interaction with respondents? | b) Interview |
| a) Questionnaire |
| b) Interview |
| c) Online survey |
| d) Telephone survey |
| A One-Sample Z-Test is used to test if a sample mean differs from a __________. | b) Population mean |
| a) Sample mean |
| b) Population mean |
| c) Median |
| d) Mode |
| Under the normal curve, approximately what percentage of scores falls between –1 and +1 standard deviations around the mean? | c) 68% |
| a) 14% |
| b) 34% |
| c) 68% |
| d) 95% |
| Statistical significance is commonly assessed using the __________. | b) P-value |
| a) Confidence interval |
| b) P-value |
| c) Z-score |
| d) T-test |
| The concept of __________ helps to determine the likelihood of a particular outcome. | b) Probability |
| a) Variability |
| b) Probability |
| c) Reliability |
| d) Validity |
| Scales used in data analysis typically aim to __________ data. | c) Quantify |
| a) Rank |
| b) Categorize |
| c) Quantify |
| d) Qualify |
| An index is used to __________ multiple variables into a single measure. | a) Simplify |
| a) Simplify |
| b) Expand |
| c) Exclude |
| d) Isolate |
| In probability theory, the __________ curve is crucial for understanding statistical data distributions. | a) Bell-shaped |
| a) Bell-shaped |
| b) Linear |
| c) Exponential |
| d) Logarithmic |
| The One-Sample Z-Test is used to compare a sample mean to a __________. | b) Population mean |
| a) Median |
| b) Population mean |
| c) Mode |
| d) Sample standard deviation |
| The __________ rule states that approximately 95% of data falls within two standard deviations of the mean. | a) Empirical |
| a) Empirical |
| b) Normal |
| c) Poisson |
| d) Uniform |
| In hypothesis testing, a p-value less than 0.05 generally indicates __________ significance. | b) High |
| a) No |
| b) High |
| c) Marginal |
| d) Low |
| A z-score of +1.5 indicates that a data point is __________ standard deviations above the mean. | b) 1.5 |
| a) 1 |
| b) 1.5 |
| c) 2 |
| d) 2.5 |
| The risk set by the researcher for rejecting a null hypothesis when it is true is called the __________. | c) Significance level |
| a) Experimental error |
| b) Error significance |
| c) Significance level |
| d) Error level |
| The One-Sample Z-Test is not applicable to __________ data. | b) Nominal |
| a) Ratio |
| b) Nominal |
| c) Interval |
| d) Ordinal |
| To calculate a z-score, you subtract the __________ from the raw score and divide by the standard deviation. | a) Mean |
| a) Mean |
| b) Median |
| c) Mode |
| d) Variance |
| The Z.TEST function in Excel returns the __________ associated with a z-score. | a) Exact probability |
| a) Exact probability |
| b) Estimated z value |
| c) Exact z score |
| d) Estimated probability |
| A larger effect size represents __________ difference between the two groups. | c) Greater |
| a) Smaller |
| b) No |
| c) Greater |
| d) No significant |
| Scales in data analysis are used to measure __________ responses. | b) Quantitative |
| a) Qualitative |
| b) Quantitative |
| c) Categorical |
| d) Nominal |
| The One-Sample Z-Test compares the mean of a sample to the mean of a __________. | a) Population |
| a) Population |
| b) Second sample |
| c) Population proportion |
| d) Sample |
| The empirical rule helps in understanding the distribution of data points around the __________. | b) Mean |
| a) Median |
| b) Mean |
| c) Mode |
| d) Variance |
| In survey research, __________ are used to collect standardized responses from a large number of people. | b) Questionnaires |
| a) Interviews |
| b) Questionnaires |
| c) Observations |
| d) Experiments |
| The __________ distribution is often used to represent data in a bell-shaped curve. | b) Normal |
| a) Uniform |
| b) Normal |
| c) Poisson |
| d) Binomial |
| A __________ is used to measure the intensity of feelings or attitudes in surveys. | a) Likert scale |
| a) Likert scale |
| b) Frequency distribution |
| c) Histogram |
| d) Tally sheet |
| The __________ rule helps to understand the spread of data in a normal distribution. | a) Empirical |
| a) Empirical |
| b) Normal |
| c) Poisson |
| d) Uniform |
| Statistical __________ helps to determine the likelihood that a result is due to chance. | b) Significance |
| a) Validity |
| b) Significance |
| c) Reliability |
| d) Probability |
| The One-Sample Z-Test is used to compare the sample mean to a __________ mean. | b) Population |
| a) Median |
| b) Population |
| c) Mode |
| d) Sample |
| __________ sampling involves selecting every nth individual from a list. | b) Systematic |
| a) Random |
| b) Systematic |
| c) Stratified |
| d) Convenience |
| A z-score of -2 indicates that the data point is __________ standard deviations below the mean. | b) Two |
| a) One |
| b) Two |
| c) Three |
| d) Four |
| An __________ is used to combine multiple data points into a single measure. | c) Index |
| a) Likert scale |
| b) Histogram |
| c) Index |
| d) Table |
| The concept of __________ is essential to understand the likelihood of future outcomes. | a) Probability |
| a) Probability |
| b) Variability |
| c) Reliability |
| d) Validity |
| In hypothesis testing, the first step is to __________. | b) Provide a statement of the null hypothesis |
| a) Compute the test statistic |
| b) Provide a statement of the null hypothesis |
| c) Set the level of risk |
| d) Select the appropriate test statistic |
| The __________ rule is applied to data following a normal distribution. | a) Empirical |
| a) Empirical |
| b) Random |
| c) Systematic |
| d) Uniform |
| A z-score of +3 would indicate a value that is __________ standard deviations above the mean. | b) Three |
| a) Two |
| b) Three |
| c) Four |
| d) Five |
| The p-value in hypothesis testing helps determine __________. | c) The significance of the results |
| a) The sample size |
| b) The mean |
| c) The significance of the results |
| d) The variance |
| Scales in data analysis often include __________ scales. | d) All of the above |
| a) Ordinal |
| b) Nominal |
| c) Interval |
| d) All of the above |
| To compute the raw score from a z-score, mean, and standard deviation, use the formula __________. | a) X = z(s) + M |
| a) X = z(s) + M |
| b) M = z(s) + X |
| c) X = M – z(s) |
| d) z = (M – X)/s |
| The final step in hypothesis testing is to __________. | d) Compare the obtained value with the critical value |
| a) Compute the test statistic value |
| b) Provide a statement of the null hypothesis |
| c) Determine the critical value |
| d) Compare the obtained value with the critical value |
| The __________ function in Excel helps in calculating the probability associated with a z-score. | a) Z.TEST |
| a) Z.TEST |
| b) T.TEST |
| c) AVERAGE |
| d) STDEV |
| A small effect size typically ranges from __________. | a) 0 to 0.25 |
| a) 0 to 0.25 |
| b) 0.25 to 0.5 |
| c) 0.5 to 0.75 |
| d) 0.75 to 1.0 |
| The percentage of scores that fall within two standard deviations of the mean is approximately __________. | b) 95% |
| a) 68% |
| b) 95% |
| c) 99% |
| d) 100% |
| |
| Question | Answer |
| The One-Sample Z-Test is used to compare the means of two independent samples. | FALSE |
| The empirical rule applies only to normally distributed data. | TRUE |
| A larger p-value indicates stronger evidence against the null hypothesis. | FALSE |
| Scales, tests, and indexes are tools used for qualitative data analysis. | FALSE |
| Probability theory is not relevant to statistical significance. | FALSE |
| The empirical rule is only applicable to data that follows a normal distribution. | TRUE |
| A high p-value indicates strong evidence against the null hypothesis. | FALSE |
| Questionnaires are generally less expensive to administer than interviews. | TRUE |
| A z-score can only be positive. | FALSE |
| Scales, tests, and indexes are used to collect qualitative data. | FALSE |
| The empirical rule states that 95% of data falls within two standard deviations of the mean. | TRUE |
| Interviews provide less flexibility compared to questionnaires. | FALSE |
| The One-Sample Z-Test can be used with ordinal data. | FALSE |
| The concept of probability helps in predicting the likelihood of future events. | TRUE |
| The median and mode are the primary measures used in interval scales. | FALSE |
| Scales used in data analysis include Likert scales and semantic differential scales. | TRUE |
| The empirical rule applies to data that is uniformly distributed. | FALSE |
| The p-value helps in determining the significance of the results in hypothesis testing. | TRUE |
| Interviews are a more structured form of survey compared to questionnaires. | FALSE |
| The z-score helps in determining how far a data point is from the mean. | TRUE |
| The empirical rule can be used to understand data in non-normal distributions. | FALSE |
| Scales in data analysis are used to quantify responses and measure attributes. | TRUE |
| The One-Sample Z-Test is not applicable when the sample size is small. | TRUE |
| Probability theory is not related to the concept of statistical significance. | FALSE |
| The concept of statistical significance is used to determine the reliability of results. | TRUE |
| Interviews and questionnaires are both used for collecting quantitative data. | FALSE |
| The z-score is calculated by subtracting the mean from the data point and dividing by the standard deviation. | TRUE |
| Questionnaires are typically used for in-depth interviews. | FALSE |
| The empirical rule helps to understand the distribution of data points around the mean. | TRUE |
| The p-value in hypothesis testing is used to assess the strength of evidence against the null hypothesis. | TRUE |
| Scales such as the Likert scale measure the frequency of responses. | FALSE |
| A One-Sample Z-Test can determine if a sample mean is significantly different from a population mean. | TRUE |
| Interviews are generally quicker to conduct than questionnaires. | FALSE |
| The empirical rule is also known as the 68-95-99.7 rule. | TRUE |
| The concept of statistical significance is used to evaluate the probability of random sampling errors. | TRUE |
| The normal distribution is often referred to as the bell curve because of its shape. | TRUE |
| The One-Sample Z-Test is used to test the difference between two independent sample means. | FALSE |
| A scale in data analysis can be used to measure the strength of agreement with a statement. | TRUE |
| The empirical rule is used to calculate p-values in hypothesis testing. | FALSE |
| A z-score of -3 indicates that the data point is three standard deviations below the mean. | TRUE |
| Scales used in surveys can be either qualitative or quantitative. | TRUE |
| The concept of probability is not applicable to survey research. | FALSE |
| Indexes are typically used to simplify and aggregate multiple data points. | TRUE |
| The empirical rule applies only to skewed data distributions. | FALSE |
| The p-value helps to determine whether to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis. | TRUE |
| Interviews usually involve open-ended questions that allow for extensive responses. | TRUE |
| The One-Sample Z-Test requires knowledge of both the sample mean and the sample variance. | FALSE |
| Scales used in surveys include ordinal, interval, and ratio scales. | TRUE |
| The bell-shaped curve is also known as the Poisson distribution. | FALSE |
| The empirical rule applies to data with a normal distribution. | TRUE |
| Probability is concerned with the likelihood of future events or outcomes. | TRUE |
| A high z-score always indicates a value above the mean. | TRUE |
| The empirical rule is used to determine the probability of individual data points. | FALSE |
| The One-Sample Z-Test is used for comparing the mean of a single sample to a known population mean. | TRUE |
| Scales in data analysis often use a Likert scale to measure attitudes. | TRUE |
| Probability theory helps in calculating the empirical rule. | FALSE |
| Statistical significance can be assessed using the z-score in hypothesis testing. | TRUE |
| The bell-shaped curve is called the empirical rule in probability theory. | FALSE |
| Scales and indexes are tools for aggregating and summarizing data. | TRUE |
| Interviews generally provide more quantifiable data compared to questionnaires. | FALSE |
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