Multiple-Choice Questions
| Question & Options | Correct Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. What is a population in research? a) A sample of data collected b) The entire group that is the subject of a study c) The range of data values d) The method used for data collection | b) The entire group that is the subject of a study |
| 2. What is the primary goal of systematic random sampling? a) To ensure that each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected b) To select every nth individual from a list c) To sample only those individuals who volunteer d) To use convenience sampling for ease | b) To select every nth individual from a list |
| 3. Which method is used to visually represent frequency distributions? a) Pie chart b) Histogram c) Line graph d) Scatter plot | b) Histogram |
| 4. What does variability in a data set indicate? a) The mean of the data b) How scores differ from one another c) The most frequent value d) The total number of data points | b) How scores differ from one another |
| 5. What is a frequency polygon? a) A type of pie chart b) A line graph that shows frequencies of data points c) A table of frequencies d) A bar chart of data frequencies | b) A line graph that shows frequencies of data points |
| 6. What is a cumulative frequency distribution? a) A chart that shows how data is distributed over intervals b) A table showing the total number of observations up to a certain point c) A graph representing individual data points d) A summary of statistical measures | b) A table showing the total number of observations up to a certain point |
| 7. In data collection, what is the primary goal of sampling? a) To gather data from the entire population b) To collect a representative subset of the population c) To ignore variability d) To only use qualitative methods | b) To collect a representative subset of the population |
| 8. What is the purpose of using frequency distributions? a) To make predictions about future data b) To organize and summarize large amounts of data c) To describe individual data points d) To calculate means and medians | b) To organize and summarize large amounts of data |
| 9. Which of the following is NOT a method of visualizing frequency distributions? a) Histogram b) Tally-ho method c) Box plot d) Frequency polygon | c) Box plot |
| 10. What is the primary focus of qualitative research in the sampling process? a) To generalize findings to a larger population b) To gather detailed and in-depth understanding from a smaller sample c) To use statistical methods for data analysis d) To ensure randomness in sampling | b) To gather detailed and in-depth understanding from a smaller sample |
| 11. What is the key characteristic of a population sample? a) It includes every individual in the population b) It is a subset of the population c) It is the total number of observations d) It is only used for qualitative research | b) It is a subset of the population |
| 12. What type of sampling involves dividing the population into groups and then randomly selecting from these groups? a) Simple random sampling b) Systematic sampling c) Stratified sampling d) Cluster sampling | c) Stratified sampling |
| 13. What is the main advantage of using systematic sampling? a) It eliminates the need for randomization b) It is easy to implement and ensures a spread across the population c) It is the only method that guarantees a representative sample d) It avoids the need for a sampling frame | b) It is easy to implement and ensures a spread across the population |
| 14. What is the purpose of a frequency table? a) To list each individual data point b) To provide a summary of the number of occurrences of each data point c) To show the relationship between two variables d) To calculate the mean and median | b) To provide a summary of the number of occurrences of each data point |
| 15. In what scenario would you use a histogram? a) To display categorical data b) To show the frequency of data within intervals c) To compare two different data sets d) To illustrate data trends over time | b) To show the frequency of data within intervals |
| 16. What does the term “range” refer to in statistics? a) The difference between the highest and lowest values b) The most frequently occurring value c) The middle value in a data set d) The average value of a data set | a) The difference between the highest and lowest values |
| 17. What is the purpose of a tally-ho method in data collection? a) To calculate the mode b) To quickly count frequencies in a simple manner c) To visualize data in a histogram d) To analyze qualitative data | b) To quickly count frequencies in a simple manner |
| 18. What is the role of variability in understanding data distribution? a) It helps determine the central tendency b) It shows how spread out the data points are c) It calculates the total number of observations d) It determines the mode of the data set | b) It shows how spread out the data points are |
| 19. What does a box plot display? a) Frequency distribution b) Variability and central tendency c) Cumulative frequency d) Data trends over time | b) Variability and central tendency |
| 20. What is the primary difference between a histogram and a frequency polygon? a) Histograms use bars, while frequency polygons use lines b) Histograms represent cumulative frequencies, while frequency polygons do not c) Frequency polygons are used for qualitative data d) Histograms show data trends over time | a) Histograms use bars, while frequency polygons use lines |
| 21. In which situation is stratified sampling particularly useful? a) When a simple random sample is too costly b) When the population is heterogeneous and needs to be divided into subgroups c) When the sampling frame is not available d) When data needs to be collected from a small, specific group | b) When the population is heterogeneous and needs to be divided into subgroups |
| 22. What does the term “sampling frame” refer to? a) A list of all individuals in the population b) The process of selecting a sample c) The total number of samples collected d) The method of data collection | a) A list of all individuals in the population |
| 23. What is a key advantage of using a frequency distribution table? a) It provides detailed information on each data point b) It summarizes the data in a way that is easy to understand c) It shows the exact relationship between variables d) It eliminates the need for graphical representation | b) It summarizes the data in a way that is easy to understand |
| 24. What type of data is best suited for a pie chart? a) Continuous data b) Categorical data c) Interval data d) Ordinal data | b) Categorical data |
| 25. What is the main purpose of using a cumulative frequency distribution? a) To show the spread of data points b) To display the total number of observations up to certain intervals c) To represent data trends over time d) To calculate the mean and median | b) To display the total number of observations up to certain intervals |
| 26. What is a key feature of qualitative research sampling? a) Large sample sizes for statistical significance b) Random sampling techniques c) In-depth data collection from a smaller, purposefully selected sample d) Use of numerical data and statistical methods | c) In-depth data collection from a smaller, purposefully selected sample |
| 27. What does a scatter plot primarily illustrate? a) The distribution of frequencies b) The relationship between two quantitative variables c) The central tendency of a data set d) The cumulative frequencies of data points | b) The relationship between two quantitative variables |
| 28. How does the mode differ from the mean and median? a) It is the value that occurs most frequently b) It is the average of all data points c) It is the middle value in a sorted list d) It is the range of the data | a) It is the value that occurs most frequently |
| 29. What is the purpose of using a bar chart in data analysis? a) To display frequencies of categorical data b) To show the relationship between two continuous variables c) To visualize the distribution of a single variable d) To illustrate trends over time | a) To display frequencies of categorical data |
| 30. What is the main characteristic of systematic sampling? a) Selection of every kth element from a list b) Random selection of participants c) Division of the population into subgroups d) Selection of participants based on specific criteria | a) Selection of every kth element from a list |
| 31. How does the mean differ from the median in a skewed data set? a) The mean is less affected by extreme values b) The median is more affected by extreme values c) The mean is more affected by extreme values d) The median is always higher than the mean | c) The mean is more affected by extreme values |
| 32. What does a box plot show about a data set? a) The total number of observations b) The spread and quartiles of the data c) The mode and median d) The frequency of data points in intervals | b) The spread and quartiles of the data |
| 33. Which sampling method is best for ensuring every subgroup is represented? a) Simple random sampling b) Stratified sampling c) Systematic sampling d) Convenience sampling | b) Stratified sampling |
| 34. What is the key advantage of using qualitative data in research? a) It provides statistical significance b) It offers in-depth understanding and insights c) It ensures representativeness across the population d) It focuses on numerical data and trends | b) It offers in-depth understanding and insights |
| 35. What is the main use of a frequency histogram? a) To show the relationship between two variables b) To display the frequency of data within intervals c) To illustrate data trends over time d) To calculate the mean and median | b) To display the frequency of data within intervals |
| 36. What is the role of the median in a data set? a) It represents the most frequently occurring value b) It is the value that divides the data set into two equal halves c) It is the average of all data points d) It shows the range of data values | b) It is the value that divides the data set into two equal halves |
| 37. What is an example of a categorical variable? a) Height b) Weight c) Gender d) Temperature | c) Gender |
| 38. What does a high variability in a data set indicate? a) Data points are close to the mean b) Data points are widely spread out from the mean c) Data is uniformly distributed d) Data is clustered around the median | b) Data points are widely spread out from the mean |
| 39. What is the purpose of data collection in research? a) To ensure data is representative and accurate b) To analyze and interpret data without collecting it c) To avoid using sampling methods d) To present data visually | a) To ensure data is representative and accurate |
| 40. What does a frequency polygon help illustrate? a) The relationship between two variables b) The cumulative frequency of data points c) The shape of the distribution of data points d) The frequency of categories in a data set | c) The shape of the distribution of data points |
| 41. What is the primary feature of qualitative research? a) Use of statistical techniques b) Focus on numerical data c) In-depth analysis of non-numeric data d) Random sampling of large populations | c) In-depth analysis of non-numeric data |
| 42. What does a bar chart display? a) Continuous data trends b) The frequency of categories c) Relationships between two variables d) Cumulative frequencies | b) The frequency of categories |
| 43. What does the term “sampling error” refer to? a) The error in the measurement of data points b) The discrepancy between the sample statistic and the population parameter c) The error in data collection methods d) The error in hypothesis testing | b) The discrepancy between the sample statistic and the population parameter |
| 44. What is the purpose of using a tally-ho method in data collection? a) To organize data in a frequency table b) To visually represent data distributions c) To quickly count occurrences of events or items d) To perform statistical analysis | c) To quickly count occurrences of events or items |
| 45. What is a characteristic of qualitative research data? a) It is numerical and quantifiable b) It provides statistical significance c) It is descriptive and non-numeric d) It uses random sampling techniques | c) It is descriptive and non-numeric |
| 46. What is the role of a sampling frame in research? a) It ensures every individual in the population is selected b) It provides a list from which a sample is drawn c) It calculates statistical measures d) It summarizes data in tables | b) It provides a list from which a sample is drawn |
| 47. What is the main advantage of using a box plot? a) It shows the distribution of frequencies b) It provides a visual summary of the distribution, central tendency, and variability c) It displays individual data points d) It illustrates data trends over time | b) It provides a visual summary of the distribution, central tendency, and variability |
| 48. What does a histogram display? a) The number of observations for each data interval b) The cumulative frequency of data points c) The mean and median of a data set d) The relationship between two variables | a) The number of observations for each data interval |
| 49. What is the significance of the mean in a data set? a) It represents the value that occurs most frequently b) It is the average value of all data points c) It shows the middle value of a sorted data set d) It displays the range of values | b) It is the average value of all data points |
| 50. What does variability measure in a data set? a) The central value of the data b) The spread or dispersion of data points c) The frequency of occurrences d) The cumulative frequency up to a certain point | b) The spread or dispersion of data points |
| 51. What is a key feature of a bar chart? a) It uses bars to represent the frequency of categories b) It displays data trends over time c) It shows the cumulative frequency of data points d) It represents the relationship between two variables | a) It uses bars to represent the frequency of categories |
| 52. What is a primary characteristic of systematic sampling? a) Randomly selecting individuals b) Using a fixed interval to select participants c) Dividing the population into subgroups d) Ensuring all individuals have an equal chance of selection | b) Using a fixed interval to select participants |
| 53. In a data set with extreme outliers, which measure of central tendency is least affected? a) Mean b) Median c) Mode d) Range | b) Median |
| 54. What is the primary use of a scatter plot? a) To display frequencies of data points b) To show the distribution of categorical data c) To illustrate the relationship between two continuous variables d) To display the cumulative frequency of a data set | c) To illustrate the relationship between two continuous variables |
| 55. What does a frequency table provide? a) A detailed description of each data point b) A summary of data frequency in categories c) A visualization of data distribution d) A list of statistical measures | b) A summary of data frequency in categories |
| 56. What is the role of a cumulative frequency distribution? a) To represent data in a pie chart b) To show the number of observations below each category c) To calculate the mean and median d) To display data in a bar chart | b) To show the number of observations below each category |
| 57. What is a key characteristic of qualitative research data collection? a) It uses large samples for statistical analysis b) It focuses on numerical data and quantification c) It involves detailed, non-numeric data from a smaller group d) It employs random sampling techniques | c) It involves detailed, non-numeric data from a smaller group |
| 58. What does the term “sampling bias” refer to? a) The bias introduced by random sampling methods b) The error in sampling that leads to non-representative results c) The bias in data collection methods d) The error in statistical analysis | b) The error in sampling that leads to non-representative results |
| 59. What type of sampling involves dividing the population into clusters and then randomly selecting whole clusters? a) Stratified sampling b) Systematic sampling c) Cluster sampling d) Convenience sampling | c) Cluster sampling |
| 60. What is the key advantage of using a box plot for data analysis? a) It shows the frequencies of data within intervals b) It provides a visual summary of the data’s spread and central tendency c) It displays data trends over time d) It calculates the mean and median | b) It provides a visual summary of the data’s spread and central tendency |
| 61. What is the purpose of a frequency histogram? a) To show data distribution across categories b) To illustrate data frequency within specific intervals c) To display cumulative frequencies d) To represent data relationships | b) To illustrate data frequency within specific intervals |
| 62. What does a box plot show about data dispersion? a) The frequency of categories b) The cumulative frequency c) The range and quartiles of the data d) The relationship between two variables | c) The range and quartiles of the data |
| 63. What is the purpose of using qualitative data in research? a) To perform statistical analysis b) To provide in-depth understanding and context c) To calculate numerical summaries d) To ensure data is randomly sampled | b) To provide in-depth understanding and context |
| 64. How does a frequency distribution table help in data analysis? a) It provides a graphical representation of data b) It summarizes the number of occurrences of data points c) It calculates statistical measures d) It displays data trends over time | b) It summarizes the number of occurrences of data points |
| 65. What is the primary focus of systematic sampling? a) Random selection from the entire population b) Selecting every nth item from a list c) Stratifying the population into subgroups d) Collecting data from a small sample | b) Selecting every nth item from a list |
| 66. What does the term “data collection” involve in research? a) Organizing and analyzing collected data b) Gathering data from various sources c) Creating visual representations of data d) Reporting and interpreting data | b) Gathering data from various sources |
| 67. What type of chart is best suited for comparing the frequency of categories? a) Histogram b) Pie chart c) Bar chart d) Line graph | c) Bar chart |
| 68. What is a key feature of a frequency polygon? a) It uses bars to show data distribution b) It uses lines to show data distribution across intervals c) It displays cumulative frequencies d) It shows relationships between two variables | b) It uses lines to show data distribution across intervals |
| 69. What does the term “sampling frame” refer to? a) A method for selecting participants b) A list of all members in the population c) A tool for calculating sample sizes d) A technique for analyzing data | b) A list of all members in the population |
| 70. What does a high degree of variability in a data set suggest? a) The data points are closely clustered around the mean b) The data points are spread out from the mean c) The data points are evenly distributed d) The data has a low range | b) The data points are spread out from the mean |
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