| Question & Options | Correct Answers |
|---|---|
| 1. Which of the following is NOT one of the measures of central tendency? a) Mean b) Median c) Range d) Mode | c) Range |
| 2. To calculate the mean of a data set, you should: a) Find the middle value when sorted b) Add all values and divide by the number of values c) Identify the most frequent value d) Count the number of values | b) Add all values and divide by the number of values |
| 3. What is the median of the data set [3, 7, 5, 9, 1]? a) 5 b) 7 c) 6 d) 9 | a) 5 |
| 4. Which of the following statements is true about the mode? a) It is the average of all data values. b) It is the value that appears most frequently in a data set. c) It is the middle value of a sorted data set. d) It is always a single value. | b) It is the value that appears most frequently in a data set. |
| 5. In hypothesis testing, the null hypothesis typically represents: a) A new theory or idea. b) The absence of an effect or relationship. c) The expected outcome of an experiment. d) A significant result. | b) The absence of an effect or relationship. |
| 6. Research that is systematic and empirical is characterized by: a) Random and spontaneous data collection. b) A structured approach based on observed data. c) Unstructured observations and personal opinions. d) Non-scientific and anecdotal evidence. | b) A structured approach based on observed data. |
| 7. Which of the following is an ethical consideration in research? a) Selecting a random sample b) Avoiding conflicts of interest c) Using informal methods d) Ignoring confidentiality | b) Avoiding conflicts of interest |
| 8. Research contributes to modern advancements by: a) Limiting technological progress b) Creating barriers to scientific understanding c) Providing foundational knowledge for technology and medicine d) Focusing only on historical data | c) Providing foundational knowledge for technology and medicine |
| 9. The mode of the data set [2, 3, 4, 4, 5] is: a) 2 b) 4 c) 3 d) 5 | b) 4 |
| 10. The mean of the data set [10, 20, 30, 40] is: a) 20 b) 25 c) 30 d) 35 | b) 25 |
| 11. True or False: The median can be affected by extreme values in the data set. | False |
| 12. True or False: The mode is the only measure of central tendency that can be used with nominal data. | True |
| 13. What is the purpose of hypothesis testing? a) To prove a theory conclusively b) To determine if there is enough evidence to support a hypothesis c) To collect data randomly d) To establish new research methods | b) To determine if there is enough evidence to support a hypothesis |
| 14. The median of the data set [7, 9, 5, 3, 11] is: a) 5 b) 7 c) 9 d) 11 | b) 7 |
| 15. True or False: In a perfectly symmetrical data set, the mean, median, and mode are all equal. | True |
| 16. What does empirical research rely on? a) Unverified theories b) Anecdotal evidence c) Observed and measured data d) Personal opinions | c) Observed and measured data |
| 17. True or False: Research ethics include ensuring participants’ confidentiality. | True |
| 18. Which measure of central tendency is best used for ordinal data? a) Mean b) Median c) Mode d) Range | b) Median |
| 19. In hypothesis testing, what does the term “p-value” represent? a) The probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the results actually observed, assuming that the null hypothesis is true b) The probability of the null hypothesis being correct c) The likelihood of a type II error d) The percentage of correct predictions | a) The probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the results actually observed, assuming that the null hypothesis is true |
| 20. True or False: The mode is always unique for a given data set. | False |
| 21. True or False: The mean can be calculated for both qualitative and quantitative data. | False |
| 22. Which of the following is a key characteristic of ethical research? a) Bias in data collection b) Transparency in reporting results c) Ignoring informed consent d) Data manipulation | b) Transparency in reporting results |
| 23. True or False: The mean is sensitive to outliers in the data set. | True |
| 24. What is the primary goal of descriptive statistics? a) To predict future outcomes b) To summarize and describe the features of a data set c) To test hypotheses d) To establish causal relationships | b) To summarize and describe the features of a data set |
| 25. True or False: The median is always greater than the mean in a positively skewed distribution. | False |
| 26. The mode of the data set [1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5] is: a) 2 b) 4 c) 3 d) 5 | a) 2 |
| 27. True or False: The mean is less affected by outliers than the median. | False |
| 28. What is the primary use of inferential statistics? a) To describe the main features of a data set b) To make inferences or predictions about a population based on a sample c) To organize data into charts and graphs d) To measure the spread of data | b) To make inferences or predictions about a population based on a sample |
| 29. True or False: The mean is always a value that is found in the data set. | False |
| 30. What does a high p-value in hypothesis testing indicate? a) Strong evidence against the null hypothesis b) Weak evidence against the null hypothesis c) No evidence for the null hypothesis d) Strong evidence for the null hypothesis | b) Weak evidence against the null hypothesis |
| 31. True or False: The range is a measure of central tendency. | False |
| 32. True or False: The mode can be used for nominal data but not for interval data. | False |
| 33. What is a key characteristic of systematic research? a) Random data collection b) Spontaneous observations c) A structured and organized approach d) Unplanned experiments | c) A structured and organized approach |
| 34. True or False: The median can be influenced by extreme values. | False |
| 35. What is the primary difference between descriptive and inferential statistics? a) Descriptive statistics involve summarizing data, while inferential statistics involve making predictions or inferences. b) Descriptive statistics are used for qualitative data, while inferential statistics are used for quantitative data. c) Descriptive statistics are more complex than inferential statistics. d) There is no difference between descriptive and inferential statistics. | a) Descriptive statistics involve summarizing data, while inferential statistics involve making predictions or inferences. |
| 36. True or False: Hypothesis testing can provide conclusive proof of a hypothesis. | False |
| 37. Which measure of central tendency is least affected by extreme values? a) Mean b) Median c) Mode d) Range | b) Median |
| 38. True or False: Research ethics require transparency and honesty in reporting results. | True |
| 39. What is the main focus of inferential statistics? a) Describing data b) Organizing data c) Drawing conclusions about a population based on a sample d) Creating charts and graphs | c) Drawing conclusions about a population based on a sample |
| 40. True or False: The mean is the most appropriate measure of central tendency for skewed data. | False |
| 41. Which of the following best describes a data set with a bimodal distribution? a) A data set with one mode b) A data set with two modes c) A data set with no mode d) A data set with multiple modes | b) A data set with two modes |
| 42. True or False: The mean and median are always the same in a perfectly symmetrical data set. | True |
| 43. In research, what does the term “ethical research” refer to? a) Research that uses only qualitative methods b) Research conducted with integrity, honesty, and respect for participants c) Research with the highest statistical significance d) Research that excludes all forms of bias | b) Research conducted with integrity, honesty, and respect for participants |
| 44. True or False: The mode is useful for categorical data. | True |
| 45. What is the primary aim of descriptive statistics? a) To make predictions about future events b) To provide a summary of the data c) To test hypotheses d) To assess the significance of findings | b) To provide a summary of the data |
| 46. True or False: The mean is always a value that appears in the data set. | False |
| 47. What does a small p-value in hypothesis testing indicate? a) Strong evidence against the null hypothesis b) Weak evidence against the null hypothesis c) No evidence for the null hypothesis d) Strong evidence for the null hypothesis | a) Strong evidence against the null hypothesis |
| 48. True or False: The median is appropriate for data sets with outliers. | True |
| 49. What is the range of the data set [3, 7, 5, 9, 1]? a) 4 b) 5 c) 8 d) 9 | c) 8 |
| 50. True or False: Descriptive statistics can include measures such as mean, median, and mode. | True |
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