BUS 5413 Week 5 Research Test 3
Question 1 (1 point)
The idea of signal-enhancing and noise-reducing experimental design is analogous to true score theory. True or False
Correct Answer:
True
Explanation
Both signal-enhancing and noise-reducing experimental design and true score theory aim to maximize the accuracy and validity of measurement by reducing the impact of extraneous factors (e.g. measurement error, confounding variables) on the observed data.
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Question 2 (1 point)
If an experimental design is well implemented,the experiment is probably the strongest design with respect to internal validity.
True or False
Correct Answer:
True
Answer Explanation
This statement is true. An experimental design, if well implemented, can control for potential confounding variables and establish causality between the independent variable and the dependent variable, making it the strongest design for internal validity.
Question 3
Blocking designs are a type of signal-enhancing design.
(True/False)
Correct Answer:
False
Question 4 (1 point)
RX0 R0
-What type of design is shown above?
R X 0
R 0
A)basic analysis of covariance experiment
B)randomized block with homogenous groups experiment
C)2 x 2 factorial experiment
D)basic two group post-test only randomized experiment
(Multiple Choice)
Correct Answer:
D
Answer Explanation
This design represents a basic two group post-test only randomized experiment, where “R” indicates random assignment to groups, and “0” represents the post-test measurement. There’s no pre-test or multiple treatment levels, just two groups compared on a single outcome measure after one receives the treatment.
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Related: (Solution) BUS 5413 Week 3 Research Test 2
Question 5 (1 point)
Experimental design is generally strong against diffusion threats.
(True/False)
Question 6 (1 point)
The foundational randomized clinical trial,of polio vaccine,was conducted by ____.
A)Edward Jenner
B)Jonas Salk
C)Benjamin Waterhouse
D)John Snow
Question 7 (1 point)
What social threat to internal validity occurs because a comparison group learns about the program either directly or indirectly from program group participants?
a. diffusion of treatment
b. compensatory rivalry
c. resentful demoralization
d. compensatory equalization
Question 8 (1 point)
Mike has developed an intervention for social anxiety. He recruits individuals from a local clinic who have extremely high levels of social anxiety as measured by a standardized test. After the intervention, their average score is closer to the population mean on the social anxiety test. While Mike would love to assume that his intervention has been effective, he is also aware that there is a(n) __ threat.
a. history
b. mortality
c. instrumentation
d. regression:
Question 9 (1 point)
A double pretest design is particularly attractive when __.
Question 9 options:
a. the researcher is evaluating a program that has already begun
b. the unit of study is a community rather than an individual
c. it is important that those who most need the treatment receive it
d. there are concerns about selection-maturation effects
Question 10 (1 point)
What type of design is shown in the accompanying figure?
0 0 X 0
Question 10 options:
a. post-test only randomized experiment
b. pretest-posttest non-equivalent groups quasi-experiment
c. posttest-only non-experiment
d. double-pretest, single-group design created by expanding across time
Question 11 (1 point)
When some event other than the program occurs at the same time and affects the outcome of a study, there is a(n) __ threat.
Question 11 options:
a. history
b. maturation
c. instrumentation
d. testing
Question 12 (1 point)
Joyce is conducting a social media campaign for getting more young women to get Pap smears to screen for cervical cancer and its precursors. Shortly after her campaign begins, a famous female reality star is diagnosed with advanced cervical cancer, resulting in an increase in young women getting screened. This is an example of a(n) __ threat.
Question 12 options:
a. instrumentation
b. maturation
c. history
d. testing
Question 13 (1 point)
A regression-discontinuity design is particularly attractive when __.
Question 13 options:
a. the researcher is evaluating a program that has already begun
b. the unit of study is a community rather than an individual
c. it is important that those who most need the treatment receive it
d. there are concerns about selection-maturation effects
Question 14 (1 point)
A proxy-pretest design is most likely to be used when __.
Question 14 options:
a. the researcher is evaluating a program that has already begun
b. the unit of study is a community rather than an individual
c. it is important that those who most need the treatment receive it
d. there are concerns about selection-maturation effects
Question 15 (1 point)
Factorial designs are classified as __ designs.
Question 15 options:
a. signal-enhancing
b. signal-reducing
c. noise-enhancing
d. noise-reducing
Question 16 (1 point)
If plausible alternative explanations have been ruled out, a study can be said to have established __.
Question 16 options:
a. external validity
b. internal validity
c. experimental validity
d. statistical validity
Question 17 (1 point)
Narrative: Daycare Center. Ken studies literacy and is particularly concerned about children who lag in reading readiness. He has developed a reading readiness program that can easily be implemented by day care providers in group settings, and has selected two day cares in demographically similar neighborhoods. He starts by giving a reading readiness to all of the three- and four-year-olds in both day care centers.
Ken decides to implement his intervention at one daycare but not the other, and after the intervention is complete, he administers the reading readiness test again to both groups of children. His results are shown in the accompanying figure. The performance of both of the groups improves over time, suggesting the operation of __.
Question 17 options:
a. mortality
b. maturation
c. selection
d. diffusion
Question 18 (1 point)
The statement “If X then Y” is a statement of __.
Question 18 options:
a. plausibility
b. covariance
c. causality
d. independence
Question 19 (1 point)
Narrative: Daycare Center. Ken studies literacy and is particularly concerned about children who lag in reading readiness. He has developed a reading readiness program that can easily be implemented by day care providers in group settings, and has selected two day cares in demographically similar neighborhoods. He starts by giving a reading readiness to all of the three- and four-year-olds in both day care centers.
Ken decides to implement his intervention at one daycare but not the other, and after the intervention is complete, he will administer the reading readiness test again to both groups of children. This design is a(n) __ design.
Question 19 options:
a. proxy-pretest
b. separate pre-post
c. regression discontinuity
d. nonequivalent groups
Question 20 (1 point)
Christopher has developed a behavioral method that he believes will help people quit smoking. He recruits a group of 25 people who want to quit smoking and begins his intervention. By the time the intervention ends, only eight people remain, but they have all quit smoking. This is an example of a(n) __ threat.
Question 20 options:
a. history
b. mortality
c. instrumentation
d. regression
Question 21 (1 point)
What type of design is shown in the accompanying figure?
N 0 X 0
N 0 0
Question 21 options:
a. post-test only randomized experiment
b. pretest-posttest non-equivalent groups quasi-experiment
c. posttest-only non-experiment
d. double-pretest, single-group design created by expanding across time
Question 22 (1 point)
What type of design is shown in the accompanying figure?
R 0 X 0
R 0 0
Question 22 options:
a. randomized block
b. covariance
c. switching-replications
d. factorial
Question 23 (1 point)
A(n) __ is a consistent difference between levels of a factor.
Question 23 options:
a. null case
b. main effect
c. interaction effect
d. crossover case
Question 24 (1 point)
Narrative: The Reality Show – Two groups are competing on a television reality show to determine which can lose the most weight. Every week, the groups have a special competition to determine which group will get extra help, in the form of exercise training, dietary counseling, or other skills development.
The Green Team has won fourteen weeks in a row, and a production assistant from the television show feels absolutely awful about it. He begins to secretly pass the Blue Team the information being given to the Green Team, even providing them with exercise videos and special recipes. This is classified as __.
Question 24 options:
a. diffusion of treatment
b. compensatory rivalry
c. resentful demoralization
d. compensatory equalization
Question 25 (1 point)
Laura works at a local shelter for teens who cannot remain in their homes but are not wards of the court. She showed them an extraordinary documentary on homeless teens that featured two who testify to Congress about the need for services, and they became much more hopeful about their futures. She shares this with Beatrice, a friend in another city who also works with high-risk teens. Beatrice is a bit more cautious and decides to randomly create two groups of teens at her facility. She shows one group the inspirational documentary, while the other group simply goes about their usual activities. After the treatment group has viewed the documentary, she has both groups of teens complete the instrument assessing how positively they view their futures. This is an example of a(n) __.
Question 25 options:
a. basic pre-post randomized experimental design.
b. posttest-only randomized experiment
c. double-pretest, single-group design created by expanding across time.
d. pretest-posttest nonequivalent groups quasi-experiment
Question 26 (1 point)
The most commonly used quasi-experimental design is the ___ design.
Question 26 options:
a. quasi-experimental
b. switching replications
c. nonequivalent groups
d. regression point displacement
Question 27 (1 point)
What social threat to internal validity occurs when one group knows about the program another group is receiving and, because of that, develops a competitive attitude with the other group?
Question 27 options:
a. diffusion of treatment
b. compensatory rivalry
c. resentful demoralization
d. compensatory equalization
Question 28 (1 point)
The threat to validity that occurs as a result of a natural development that occurs between pre-and post- measurement is called a(n) __ threat.
Question 28 options:
a. history
b. maturation
c. instrumentation
d. testing
Question 29 (1 point)
What social threat to internal validity occurs when the control group is given a program or treatment (usually by a well-meaning third party) designed to make up for the treatment the program group receives?
Question 29 options:
a. diffusion of treatment
b. compensatory rivalry
c. resentful demoralization
d. compensatory equalization
Question 30 (1 point)
When an effect occurs when the proposed cause occurs, but the effect does not occur when the proposed cause has not occurred, __ has been demonstrated.
Question 30 options:
a. temporal precedence
b. covariation
c. plausibility
d. causality
Question 31 (1 point)
Blocking designs are classified as __ designs.
Question 31 options:
a. signal-enhancing
b. signal-reducing
c. noise-enhancing
d. noise-reducing
Question 32 (1 point)
Covariance designs are classified as __ designs.
Question 32 options:
a. signal-enhancing
b. signal-reducing
c. noise-enhancing
d. noise-reducing
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