Question 1
A biopsy is:
a. Removal of a biological fluid
b. Removal of an organ
c. Excision of a small tissue sample
d. A postmortem examination
e. Always done in a hospital
Correct Answer
c. Excision of a small tissue sample
Rationale: A biopsy involves removing a small sample of tissue for diagnostic examination under a microscope.
Question 2
An autopsy is:
a. Any surgical procedure
b. Another name for an operation
c. An excision
d. An incision
e. Removal of tissue from a dead body
Correct Answer
e. Removal of tissue from a dead body
Rationale: An autopsy is a postmortem examination to study the body and determine the cause of death or disease.
Question 3
Tissue for STAT processing is:
a. Put into fixative immediately
b. Kept in the freezer
c. Wrapped in saline-soaked gauze until gross specimen treatment
d. Sealed in an air-tight container
e. Immersed in water and kept in the fridge
Correct Answer
c. Wrapped in saline-soaked gauze until gross specimen treatment
Rationale: For urgent processing, tissue must remain moist and fresh by wrapping it in saline-soaked gauze to prevent desiccation or degradation.
Question 4
Identify the false statement regarding a fixative:
a. It prevents cell autolysis and putrefaction
b. It is the first step in routine histology processing
c. It takes 15-20 minutes
d. It acts as a mordant to make staining more effective
e. It allows tissue to be examined in a life-like manner
Correct Answer
c. It takes 15-20 minutes
Rationale: Fixation typically takes hours, not minutes, to fully preserve tissue structure and prevent decay.
Question 5
Which reagent is routinely used to fix tissue?
a. 10% Buffered Formalin
b. Zenker’s Fluid
c. 95% Ethanol
d. Acid Alcohol
e. Bouin’s Fluid
Correct Answer
a. 10% Buffered Formalin
Rationale: 10% Buffered Formalin is the most commonly used fixative in histology for preserving tissue.
Question 6
Decalcification would be done:
a. Only if time permits
b. After embedding
c. Right before staining
d. Before fixation
e. After fixation
Correct Answer
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Question 7
What is not used to decalcify tissue?
a. Formic acid
b. Saline
c. Nitric acid
d. Electrophoresis
e. EDTA
Correct Answer
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Question 8
A good decalcifying reagent should:
a. Minimize damage to tissue
b. Work in a reasonable amount of time
c. Not interfere with staining procedures
d. Completely remove calcium
e. All of these are correct
Correct Answer
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Question 9
EDTA is a “chelating agent”. This means it attaches or binds:
a. Prothrombin
b. Sodium ions
c. Hydrogen ions
d. Calcium ions
e. Potassium ions
Correct Answer
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Question 10
Which reagent(s) is harmful to the lab worker?
a. Formalin
b. Xylene
c. Zenker’s fluid
d. Bouin’s fluid
e. All the above
Correct Answer
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Question 11
When tissues are embedded, the embedding medium replaces:
a. Formalin
b. Paraffin
c. Dehydrating agents
d. Clearing agents
e. Hydrating agents
Correct Answer
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Question 12
A mold for embedding can be made of:
a. Wood
b. Cardboard
c. Wax
d. Plastic or metal
e. Rubber
Correct Answer
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Question 13
The sectioning of tissue produces:
a. Ribbons
b. Strips
c. Panels
d. Plates
e. Layers
Correct Answer
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Question 14
Which substance is not used for embedding?
a. Wax
b. Resin
c. Agar
d. Plastic
e. EDTA
Correct Answer
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Question 15
During sectioning, the ideal thickness of a paraffin-embedded tissue slice is:
a. 1 µm
b. 5 µm
c. 10 µm
d. 20 µm
e. 50 µm
Correct Answer
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Question 16
Tissue embedding is done to:
a. Preserve the tissue in a life-like state
b. Allow thin sections to be cut
c. Remove calcium
d. Prevent contamination
e. Hydrate the tissue
Correct Answer
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Question 17
Which instrument is used for sectioning tissues?
a. Microtome
b. Cryostat
c. Thermometer
d. Homogenizer
e. Ultracentrifuge
Correct Answer
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Question 18
Frozen sections are typically cut using:
a. A cryostat
b. A microtome
c. A freezing microtome
d. Both a and c
e. A centrifuge
Correct Answer
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Question 19
Which is not a clearing agent?
a. Xylene
b. Benzene
c. Chloroform
d. Formalin
e. Toluene
Correct Answer
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Question 20
Dehydration of tissue is performed using:
a. Acid alcohol
b. Formalin
c. Ethanol
d. Distilled water
e. Sodium chloride
Correct Answer
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Question 21
For staining purposes, the section is usually mounted on:
a. Metal slides
b. Plastic covers
c. Glass slides
d. Agar plates
e. Paraffin blocks
Correct Answer
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Question 22
What is not a part of the staining process?
a. Deparaffinization
b. Hydration
c. Decalcification
d. Differentiation
e. Staining
Correct Answer
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Question 23
The hematoxylin and eosin stain:
a. Is used for nuclear staining only
b. Is used for cytoplasmic staining only
c. Is used for both nuclear and cytoplasmic staining
d. Is a special stain
e. None of the above
Correct Answer
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Question 24
Which of the following is a basic dye?
a. Eosin
b. Hematoxylin
c. India ink
d. Congo red
e. Acid fuchsin
Correct Answer
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Question 26
Which stain is used to detect glycogen in tissues?
a. Alcian blue
b. PAS stain
c. Hematoxylin
d. Oil Red O
e. Giemsa stain
Question 27
The purpose of differentiation in staining is to:
a. Increase contrast between different tissue components
b. Remove excess stain from tissues
c. Hydrate the tissues
d. Embed the tissues
e. Fix the tissues
Question 28
Which stain is used for lipid detection?
a. Sudan III
b. Hematoxylin
c. Eosin
d. PAS
e. Alcian blue
Question 29
Which of the following stains is used for bacteria?
a. Giemsa stain
b. Gram stain
c. PAS stain
d. Trichrome stain
e. Alcian blue
Question 30
The Ziehl-Neelsen stain is used to identify:
a. Gram-positive bacteria
b. Acid-fast bacteria
c. Fungi
d. Glycogen
e. Lipids
Question 31
A counterstain is used to:
a. Remove the primary stain
b. Provide contrast to the primary stain
c. Enhance the embedding process
d. Fix the tissue
e. Decalcify the tissue
Question 32
Which dye combination is used in Romanowsky stains?
a. Hematoxylin and eosin
b. Methylene blue and eosin
c. Methylene blue and azure
d. Sudan III and PAS
e. Congo red and eosin
Question 33
Which of the following is an example of a silver stain?
a. PAS
b. Giemsa
c. Gomori’s stain
d. Alcian blue
e. Masson’s trichrome
Question 34
Which of the following is a fluorescent dye?
a. Fluorescein
b. PAS
c. Alcian blue
d. Eosin
e. Sudan IV
Question 35
What is the purpose of mounting a tissue section?
a. To fix the tissue
b. To enhance the staining process
c. To prepare the tissue for microscopic observation
d. To dehydrate the tissue
e. To remove clearing agents
Question 36
Which type of slide mounting medium is most commonly used?
a. Water-based medium
b. Resin-based medium
c. Oil-based medium
d. Agar-based medium
e. Gel-based medium
Question 37
Which staining method is used to demonstrate fungi in tissue sections?
a. PAS stain
b. Alcian blue
c. Giemsa stain
d. Masson’s trichrome
e. Hematoxylin and eosin
Question 38
What is the primary purpose of clearing in tissue processing?
a. To dehydrate the tissue
b. To infiltrate the tissue with paraffin
c. To make tissue transparent
d. To fix the tissue
e. To stain the tissue
Question 39
Which is a decalcification agent?
a. Ethanol
b. Xylene
c. EDTA
d. Formalin
e. Paraffin
Question 40
What is the best method for preserving lipids in tissue?
a. Freezing
b. Embedding in paraffin
c. Fixation with formalin
d. Staining with PAS
e. Dehydration