Risk of Major Diseases Key Terms and definitions

Key Term	Definition
Arteriosclerosis	Thickening and hardening of the artery walls, leading to restricted blood flow.
Cardiovascular disease	A broad term for diseases affecting the heart and blood vessels.
Coronary heart disease	A condition where plaque builds up in the coronary arteries, reducing blood flow to the heart.
Diabetes mellitus	A group of diseases resulting in high blood sugar due to issues with insulin production or function.
Diastole	The phase of the heartbeat where the heart relaxes, allowing the chambers to fill with blood.
Diastolic blood pressure	The pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest between beats.
Gestational diabetes mellitus	A form of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy, which can affect both mother and baby.
Hypertension	High blood pressure, a condition where blood pressure in the arteries is consistently too high.
Mammography	An X-ray exam of the breast used to screen for or diagnose breast cancer.
Mastectomy	Surgical removal of one or both breasts, usually as a treatment for breast cancer.
Plaque	A deposit of fatty material on the inner lining of an arterial wall, contributing to cardiovascular diseases.
Pre-diabetes	A condition where blood sugar levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be classified as diabetes.
Stroke	A condition where poor blood flow to the brain leads to brain cell death.
Systole	The phase of the heartbeat where the heart contracts to pump blood out.
Systolic blood pressure	The pressure in the arteries during the contraction of the heart muscle.
Transient ischemic attack (TIA)	A mini-stroke caused by a temporary interruption of blood flow to the brain.
Type 1 diabetes	A chronic condition where the pancreas produces little to no insulin.
Type 2 diabetes	A chronic condition where the body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn’t produce enough.
Breast cancer	A type of cancer that forms in the cells of the breast, most common in women but can occur in men.
Colon and rectal cancer	Cancer that starts in the colon or rectum, often linked to diet, age, and family history.
Prostate cancer	A type of cancer that occurs in the prostate gland, typically affecting older men.
Cancer risk factors you can control	Factors such as diet, smoking, physical activity, and exposure to carcinogens that can increase the risk of cancer but can be influenced by lifestyle changes.

Arteriosclerosis

Thickening and hardening of the artery walls, leading to restricted blood flow. Correct

Cardiovascular disease

A broad term for diseases affecting the heart and blood vessels.

Coronary heart disease

A condition where plaque builds up in the coronary arteries, reducing blood flow to the heart.

Diabetes mellitus

A group of diseases resulting in high blood sugar due to issues with insulin production or function.

Diastole

The phase of the heartbeat where the heart relaxes, allowing the chambers to fill with blood.

Diastolic blood pressure

The pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest between beats.

Gestational diabetes mellitus

A form of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy, which can affect both mother and baby.

Hypertension

High blood pressure, a condition where blood pressure in the arteries is consistently too high.

Mammography

An X-ray exam of the breast used to screen for or diagnose breast cancer.

Mastectomy

Surgical removal of one or both breasts, usually as a treatment for breast cancer.

Plaque

A deposit of fatty material on the inner lining of an arterial wall, contributing to cardiovascular diseases.

Pre-diabetes

A condition where blood sugar levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be classified as diabetes.

Stroke

A condition where poor blood flow to the brain leads to brain cell death.

Systole

The phase of the heartbeat where the heart contracts to pump blood out.

Systolic blood pressure

The pressure in the arteries during the contraction of the heart muscle.

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

A mini-stroke caused by a temporary interruption of blood flow to the brain.

Type 1 diabetes

A chronic condition where the pancreas produces little to no insulin.

Type 2 diabetes

A chronic condition where the body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn’t produce enough.

Breast cancer

A type of cancer that forms in the cells of the breast, most common in women but can occur in men.

Colon and rectal cancer

Cancer that starts in the colon or rectum, often linked to diet, age, and family history.

Prostate cancer

A type of cancer that occurs in the prostate gland, typically affecting older men.

Cancer risk factors you can control

Factors such as diet, smoking, physical activity, and exposure to carcinogens that can increase the risk of cancer but can be influenced by lifestyle changes.

Risk of Major Diseases Key Terms and definitions

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