PHIL101 Graded Exam 3
Evil and the Existence of God
Question 1
According to Plato, when the intellect itself is governed by reason, we exhibit:
Select one:
a.temperance.
b.courage.
c.wisdom.
d.All of these answers are correct.
Correct Answer Question 1
c. wisdom
Explanation: According to Plato, when the intellect is governed by reason, the virtue exhibited is wisdom. In Plato’s philosophy, wisdom is the highest virtue, associated with the rational part of the soul. Temperance and courage are also virtues, but they are linked to other parts of the soul—temperance with desire and courage with spirit. Wisdom comes from the intellect being guided by reason.
Question 2
According to St. Augustine, moral evil comes from _____.
Select one:
a.misdirected love
b.misguided education
c.a force of darkness
d.the body and its urges
Correct Answer Question 2
a. misdirected love
Explanation: According to St. Augustine, moral evil originates from misdirected love. Augustine argued that evil is not a substance or a force in itself but rather a result of disordered or misdirected will. When love or desire is directed away from God and toward lesser things, it leads to moral evil. This misdirection causes individuals to act in ways that are contrary to the divine order.
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Question 3
Which of the following ideas was central to Thomas Hobbes’s philosophy of values?
Select one:
a.Good and evil simply denote that which a person desires or hates.
b.Human happiness consists of pleasure and reason.
c.Moral evil is a case of misdirected love.
d.A natural law governs all morality, and human behavior must conform to it.
Question 4
Which of the following is considered a moral evil by Plato?
Select one:
a.willful disobedience of God
b.unnaturalness
c.ignorance of the good
d.desiring what is known to be bad
Question 5
According to Plato, _____ is the virtue that obtains when all elements of the soul function as they should in obedience to reason.
Select one:
a.temperance
b.justice
c.wisdom
d.courage
Question 6
According to John Stuart Mill, why should we seek to raise the general happiness rather than just our own?
Select one:
a.Our own happiness coincides with the general happiness.
b.God commands us to further the general happiness.
c.No one can rationally will that everyone ignore the general happiness.
d.By its very nature, morality singles out no one for preferential treatment.
Question 7
For Nietzsche, who or what is the source of ethical truth?
Select one:
a.God
b.the Superman
c.the ruler of a state
d.slaves
Question 8
According to Immanuel Kant, principles of morality can only be ascertained by:
Select one:
a.reason.
b.God.
c.consequences.
d.nature.
Question 9
What is the form of the ideal state for Aristotle?
Select one:
a.It is an absolute monarchy run by the most powerful for his or her own sake.
b.It is a direct, participatory democracy in which every citizen has an equal share in ruling.
c.It is an aristocracy ruled by an elite group of intellectually superior individuals.
d.Aristotle didn’t think there is any single form that the ideal state must take.
Question 10
_____ is the idea that the legitimacy of the state and the principles of sound justice derive their legitimacy from a societal agreement.
Select one:
a.Eternal law
b.Communism
c.Contractualism
d.General will
Question 11
In which of the following was the power of the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional established?
Select one:
a.The Declaration of Independence
b.The original Constitution
c.The Bill of Rights
d.Marbury v. Madison
Question 12
Karl Marx viewed human history as the struggle between two classes. What are they?
Select one:
a.a dominant class consisting of men and a subordinate class consisting of women and children
b.a dominant class that owns and controls the means of production and a subordinate class that doesn’t
c.a dominant class of white Europeans and a subordinate class of nonwhite non-Europeans
d.a dominant class of the priesthood and a subordinate class of the laity
Question 13
Which of the following did Harriet Taylor support?
Select one:
a.The toleration of nonconformist thought and lifestyles
b.The belief that virtually all differences between men and women are natural
c.The view that social and political reform concerning women should be limited to giving them the vote
d.The view that consequences don’t matter when it comes to determining the rightness or wrongness of our acts, rules, or institutions
Question 14
Identify a true statement about Marcuse’s philosophical position.
Select one:
a.He perceived a weakening of the integration of the working classes into society.
b.He believed that morality means creating something and then making money from it.
c.He developed the ideas of ethical egoism, laissez-faire capitalism, and individual rights with his philosophy of Objectivism.
d.He believed that taking from the rich without compensation and giving to the poor is never just.
Question 15
The attempt to understand the sources and criteria of moral value judgments is known as:
Select one:
a.metaethics.
b.normative ethics.
d.prima facie duty.
Question 16
Which of the following is the political philosophy based on the desire to preserve past social and political traditions and practices?
Select one:
a.conservatism
b.communism
c.fascism
d.socialism
Question 17
According to Michael Walzer, what is a thick moral argument?
Select one:
a.a moral argument that takes into account the actual, particular details of the political association or culture involved
b.a moral argument that focuses on abstract, universal questions of value, obligation, and justice
c.a moral argument that is dense and hard to understand
d.a moral argument that is systematic rather than piecemeal moral argument
Question 18
Which of the following best explains Mary Daly’s stance about the image of God the Father?
Select one:
a.It is an image that appropriately expresses the power and awe of God.
b.It is an image that needs to be replaced with the image of God the Mother.
c.It perpetuates the artificial polarization of human qualities built into the traditional sexual stereotypes.
d.It is an image that only has negative effects among less sophisticated thinkers.
Question 19
Which of the following is true of Immanuel Kant’s refutation of the ontological proof of God?
Select one:
a.He stated that belief in God is not rationally justified.
b.He believed that existence is a perfection.
c.He argued that causality is a concept that is not applicable to things-as-experienced.
d.He argued that existence is a precondition of having characteristics, and not a characteristic in itself.
Question 20
What did Anselm believe about proving God’s existence?
Select one:
a.You could do it using the concept of God as the greatest being conceivable.
b.God’s existence follows from his definition in just the way that the existence of the most perfect island follows from its definition.
c.If you want to prove God’s existence, you must first look at how the world is.
d.The existence of God can only be known by mystical experience.
Related: (Solution) PHIL101 Graded Exam 4
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