PHIL101 Graded Exam 2
The Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries: The Continental Tradition
Question 1
According to David Hume, what do we directly observe?
Select one:
a.physical objects
b.sense impressions
c.ourselves
d.our brains
Correct Answer Question 1
b. sense impressions
Explanation: According to David Hume, we do not directly observe physical objects, ourselves, or our brains. Instead, we only have access to sense impressions—the immediate experiences or sensations (like sights, sounds, and feelings) that arise from interacting with the world. Hume argued that these impressions are the foundation of all our knowledge, and everything else is derived from them.
Question 2
According to David Hume, why can’t past experience justify claims about the future?
Select one:
a.Our knowledge of past experience depends on memory, which cannot be known to be accurate.
b.Tricky question! Hume does think that past experience can justify claims about the future.
c.Because we can never know if we are the same person as the person we seem to remember being, past experience cannot be a guide to claims about our future.
d.We can never know whether or not the future will be like the past.
Correct Answer Question 2
d. We can never know whether or not the future will be like the past.
Explanation: David Hume argued that inductive reasoning, which is based on past experiences, cannot guarantee future outcomes. This is known as the “problem of induction.” Hume claimed that just because something has happened consistently in the past does not mean it will necessarily happen the same way in the future. Therefore, we cannot be certain that the future will resemble the past.
We have all the correct answers to PHIL101 Graded Exam 2
…Please click on the Icon below to purchase the FULL QUIZ ANSWERS at only $5
Question 3
Which of the following statements is true about Immanuel Kant?
Select one:
a.He argued that a stream of sensations could not qualify as experience unless the stream was unified and conceptualized by the mind as the experience of external objects.
b.He held that the objective world is an unfolding or expression of infinite thought, and the individual mind is the vehicle of infinite thought reflecting on itself.
c.He argued that reality, the Absolute, is not a group of independent particulars or states of affairs, but rather an integrated whole in which each proposition is logically connected with all the rest.
d.He based psychoanalysis on the concept that human actions stem not from rationality but from unconscious drives and instincts in what he called the “id,” or “it” part of the self.
Question 4
According to the philosophy of Absolute Idealism, what is the relationship between “being real” and “being knowable”?
Select one:
a.No reality is knowable.
b.All reality is knowable.
c.Some reality is knowable and some aren’t.
d.Only God is ultimately unknowable.
Question 5
According to David Hume, the self is a(n) _____.
Select one:
a.sequence of perceptions
b.immaterial, unchanging substance
c.physical body
d.social entity
Question 6
According to Hegel, the highest reality (the absolute) is _____.
Select one:
a.the entire material world
b.a God who exists beyond the world
c.an infinite thought thinking of itself
d.a vast group of independent particulars
Question 7
Identify a true statement about Søren Kierkegaard.
Select one:
a.He scorned Hegel’s system, in which the individual dissolves into a kind of abstract unreality.
b.He read Arthur Schopenhauer and became convinced that the world is driven by cosmic will, not by reason.
c.He believed that systematic philosophy, with its grandiose schemes, with its mind-body and other dualistic splits, with its metaphysics and metaphysical traditions, must give way to more original kind of thinking.
d.He agreed with Friedrich Nietzsche as to the nature of the cosmic will.
Question 8
What did Michel Foucault claim concerning epistemes?
Select one:
a.They form a continuous series leading to the advancement of truth over superstition.
b.They are “created realities” that are the ground of true and false in each era.
c.They are discovered, not made.
d.They can be the basis of objective truth claims.
Question 9
For French anthropologist Claude Levi-Strauss, what is culture?
Select one:
a.a system of signs
b.a conversation
c.a common heritage
d.a common language
Question 10
_____ developed transcendental phenomenology, whose purpose was to investigate phenomena without making any assumptions about the world.
Select one:
a.Jean-Paul Sartre
b.Martin Heidegger
c.Edmund Husserl
d.Søren Kierkegaard
Question 11
Who among the following thought it was impossible to totalize everything that exists as nothing is finite?
Select one:
a.Jacques Derrida
b.Michel Foucault
c.Martin Heidegger
d.Alain Badiou
Question 12
Which of the following statements is true about Martin Heidegger?
Select one:
a.He was sympathetic to the Marxist worldview.
b.He believed that, as a consequence of the nonexistence of God, nothing about Being is necessary.
c.He abandoned his belief in Being as the basic principle of philosophy.
d.He believed that people are basically ignorant about the thing that matters most—the true nature of Being.
Question 13
What was the fundamental philosophical question for Albert Camus?
Select one:
a.Does God exist?
b.Is there any reason not to commit suicide?
c.What should I wear to my funeral?
d.Will I survive death?
Question 14
According to logical atomists, the world is a collection of:
Select one:
a.atomic facts.
b.physical atoms.
c.immaterial minds.
d.sense-data.
Question 15
Which of the following is an ontological question?
Select one:
a.Do selves exist?
b.Is torture justified?
c.Is knowledge subjective?
d.Do democracies lead to tyranny?
Question 16
Which of the following best expresses phenomenalism as a metaphysical theory?
Select one:
a.Physical objects don’t exist, just sense-data.
b.Sense-data don’t exist, just physical objects.
c.Sense-data are caused by, but not identical to, physical objects.
d.Physical objects are definable in terms of sense-data.
Question 17
Philosophical analysis attempts to:
Select one:
a.resolve complex propositions or concepts into simpler ones.
b.integrate separate, simpler propositions into a more complex, but more complete, whole.
c.show that the concept of objective truth leads to unresolvable paradoxes.
d.replace object-talk with sense-data talk.
Question 18
Which of the following perspectives is held by antirepresentationalists?
Select one:
a.Beliefs do not represent reality.
b.True beliefs are those that hang together in a coherent fashion.
c.True beliefs are those that most members of a group consent to.
d.Beliefs correctly represent the world as it is.
Question 19
According to the logical positivists, which of the following determines the meaning of an assertion purporting to be about reality?
Select one:
a.the intentions of the writer or speaker
b.the public definitions of the words involved
c.the use to which the assertion is put
d.the observations that verify it
Question 20
Which philosopher is associated with the idea of a language game?
Select one:
a.Russell
b.Rorty
c.Dewey
d.Wittgenstein
Related: (Solution) PHIL101 Graded Exam 3
We have all the correct answers to PHIL101 Graded Exam 2
…Please click on the Icon below to purchase the FULL QUIZ ANSWERS at only $5
Instant Download on Payment
